Recomendações para o rastreamento do câncer de mama no Brasil do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia, da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia e da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / Recommendations for breast cancer screening in Brazil from the Brazilian College of Radiology, the Brazilian Society of Mastology and the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations

Objetivo: Apresentar a atualização das recomendações do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia e da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia para o rastreamento do câncer de mama no Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Foram feitas buscas das evidências científicas publicadas nas bases Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL e Lilacs, entre janeiro de 2012 e julho de 2022. As recomendações foram baseadas nessas evidências, mediante consenso da comissão de especialistas das três entidades. Recomendações: O rastreamento mamográfico anual é recomendado para as mulheres de risco habitual entre 40 e 74 anos. Acima de 75 anos, deve ser reservado para as que tenham expectativa de vida maior que sete anos. Mulheres com risco maior que o habitual, entre elas as com mamas densas, com história pessoal de hiperplasia lobular atípica, carcinoma lobular in situ clássico, hiperplasia ductal atípica, tratamento de câncer de mama ou de irradiação no tórax antes dos 30 anos ou, ainda, portadoras de mutação genética ou com forte história familiar, beneficiam-se do rastreamento complementar, sendo consideradas de forma individualizada. A tomossíntese é uma evolução da mamografia e deve ser considerada no rastreamento, sempre que acessível e disponível. (AU)

Objective: To present the update of the recommendations of the Brazilian College of Radiology, the Brazilian Society of Mastology and the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations for breast cancer screening in Brazil. Materials and Methods: Scientific evidence published in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ebsco, Cinahl and Lilacs between January 2012 and July 2022 was searched. Recommendations were based on this evidence, by consensus of the expert committee of the three entities. Recommendations: Annual mammographic screening is recommended for women aged between 40 and 74 years old. Above 75 years should be reserved for those with a life expectancy greater than seven years. Women at higher than usual risk, including those with dense breasts, a personal history of atypical lobular hyperplasia, classic lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, treatment for breast câncer, chest irradiation before age 30, carriers of genetic mutation or with a strong family history, benefit from complementary screening, being considered individually. Tomosynthesis is an evolution of mammography and should be considered in screening, whenever accessible and available. (AU)

The Automation of Breast Ultrasonography and the Medical Time Dedicated to the Method / A automatização da ultrassonografia mamária e o tempo médico dedicado ao método

Abstract In this integrative review, we aimed to describe the records of time devoted by physicians to breast ultrasound in a review of articles in the literature, in order to observe whether the automation of the method enabled a reduction in these values. We selected articles from the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and MEDLINE databases, through Virtual Health Library (BVS), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PubMed, and Scopus. We obtained 561 articles, and, after excluding duplicates and screening procedures, 9 were selected, whose main information related to the guiding question of the research was synthesized and analyzed. It was concluded that the automation of breast ultrasound represents a possible strategy for optimization of the medical time dedicated to the method, but this needs to be better evaluated in comparative studies between both methods (traditional and automated), with methodology directed to the specific investigation of this potentiality.

Resumo Na presente revisão integrativa, objetivamos descrever os registros de tempo dedicado pelos médicos à ultrassonografia mamária em revisão de artigos da literatura, visando observar se a automação do método possibilitou redução destes valores. Selecionamos artigos nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e MEDLINE, através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed e Scopus. Obtivemos 561 artigos e, após a exclusão de artigos duplicados e procedimentos de triagem, foram selecionados 9 artigos, cujas informações principais relativas à pergunta norteadora da pesquisa foram sintetizadas e analisadas. Foi concluído que a automação da ultrassonografia mamária representa uma possível estratégia de otimização do tempo médico dedicado ao método; porém, essa conclusão necessita ser melhor avaliada em estudos comparativos entre ambos os métodos (tradicional e automatizado), com metodologia direcionada à investigação específica desta potencialidade.

Retrospective analysis of BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions additionally detected by breast MRI / 中华外科杂志

Objectives: To establish a newly-designed scoring system for breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 4 and 5 breast lesions only visible on MRI, and to examine their clinical pathway of biopsy. Methods: The BI-RADS 4 and 5 breast lesions only visible on MRI but not suspected on mammograms or ultrasound between June 2007 and December 2021 at Beijing Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 209 lesions from 184 patients were finally included. All patients were female, aged (50±11) years (range: 27 to 76 years). All lesions were confirmed by pathology and divided into malignancy and non-malignancy. The lesions were divided into mass and non-mass type using BI-RADS. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the new scoring system. Four types of pathology-obtaining pathway were used: biopsy guided by second-look ultrasound, local excision guided by lesion position information on MRI, intraductal lesion excision guided by methylene blue stain and mastectomy. The data between mass and non-mass lesions were compared by Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test or Fisher exact test,respectively. Results: There were 124 malignant and 85 non-malignant lesions, while 100 mass and 109 non-mass lessions. The sizes between mass and non-mass lesions showed significant difference(M(IQR)) (7.0 (3.0) mm vs. 25.0 (25.0) mm, U=568.000, P<0.01) and their BI-RADS diagnostic accuracy had no significant difference (53.0% (53/100) vs. 65.1% (71/109), χ2=3.184, P=0.074). The areas under ROC curve of the new scoring system for evaluating mass and non-mass were 0.841 and 0.802, respectively. When taking Score 3 as threshold, it can potentially avoid 14.0% (14/100) and 4.6% (5/109) of biopsies in mass and non-mass, respectively. As to pathway of obtaining pathology, second-look ultrasound succeeded more easily in mass than non-mass (41.0% (41/100) vs.26.6% (29/109), χ2=4.851, P=0.028). More MRI-guided local excisions were performed in non-mass than mass (52.3% (57/109) vs. 34.0% (34/100), χ2=7.100, P=0.008). Conclusions: For suspicious breast lesions detected by MRI but not suspected on X-ray or ultrasound, the new scoring system can further increase diagnostic accuracy. The second-look ultrasound plays an important role for obtaining pathology, especially for mass-type lesion.

Avaliação de indicadores de monitoramento do rastreamento do câncer de mama na população do sexo feminino atendida no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, 2018-2019: estudo descritivo / Evaluación de indicadores del tamizaje de cáncer de mama en la población femenina atendida en el Sistema Único de Salud, Brasil, 2018-2019: estudio descriptivo / Evaluation of breast cancer screening indicators in the female population using the National Health System, Brazil, 2018-2019: a descriptive study

Objetivo: analisar indicadores de monitoramento do rastreamento do câncer de mama na população feminina usuária do Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, no período 2018-2019. Métodos: estudo descritivo, a partir do Sistema de Informação do Câncer; foram calculados indicadores de rastreamento após relacionamento determinístico das bases de dados de mamografia e histopatologia. Resultados: em 2018, 807.430 mulheres na faixa etária de 50-69 anos foram rastreadas, e dessas, 91% apresentaram resultado benigno, 1,8% provavelmente benigno, 6,7% inconclusivo e 0,5% sugestivo de câncer; a taxa de mamografia positiva foi de 9,0%; estimou- -se indicação de biópsia para 1,6% das mulheres, resultado maligno para 33,9% delas, e taxa de confirmação de câncer de 5,4 por 1 mil mulheres. Conclusão: identificou-se elevada perda de seguimento das lesões benignas; a taxa de mamografias positivas foi inferior ao parâmetro internacional; contudo, a taxa de detecção de câncer foi adequada, e o percentual de mamografias inconclusivas, aceitável.

Objetivo: analizar indicadores del tamizaje de cáncer de mama en población femenina atendida por Sistema Único de Salud Brasileño, de 2018-2019. Métodos: estudio descriptivo basado en Sistema de Información del Cáncer (Siscan). Los indicadores de detección se calcularon después de vinculación determinista de bases de datos de mamografía e histopatología. Resultados: en 2018, 807.430 mujeres de 50-69 años examinaram cáncer de mama. De estos, 91% tuvo resultado benigno, 1,8% probablemente benigno, 6,7% resultado no concluyente y 0,5% sugestivo de cáncer. La tasa de mamografías positivas fue 9,0%. Se estimó indicación de biopsia en 1,6% de las mujeres, resultado maligno en 33,9% y tasa de confirmación de cáncer de 5,4 por 1.000 mujeres. Conclusión: se identificó alta pérdida de seguimiento de las lesiones benignas. La tasa de mamografías positivas fue inferior al parámetro internacional, pero la tasa de detección de cáncer fue adecuada y el porcentaje de mamografías no concluyentes aceptable.

Objetive: to analyze breast cancer screening monitoring indicators in the female population using the Brazilian National Health System, from 2018 to 2019. Methods: this was a descriptive study based on Cancer Information System (SISCAN) data; screening indicators were calculated following deterministic linkage of the mammography and histopathology databases. Results: in 2018, 807,430 women aged 50 to 69 years were screened for breast cancer, 91% of whom had a benign result, 1.8% probably benign, 6.7% inconclusive results and 0.5% results suggestive of cancer; the positive mammogram rate was 9.0%; biopsy was estimated to be indicated for 1.6% of the women, 33.9% of whom had a malignant result, and the cancer confirmation rate was 5.4 per 1,000 women. Conclusion: high benign lesion loss to follow-up was identified; the positive mammogram rate was lower than the international parameter, but the cancer detection rate was adequate and the percentage of inconclusive mammograms was acceptable.

Recommendations for the Screening of Breast Cancer of the Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Brazilian Society of Mastology and Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Association / Recomendações para o rastreio do câncer de mama do colégio brasileiro de radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem, sociedade brasileira de mastologia e associação da federação brasileira de ginecologia e obstetrícia

Abstract Objective To present the update of the recommendations of the Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, the Brazilian Society of Mastology and the Brazilian Federation of Associations of Gynecology and Obstetrics for breast cancer screening in Brazil. Methods Scientific evidence published in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL and Lilacs databases between January 2012 and July 2022 was searched. Recommendations were based on this evidence by consensus of the expert committee of the three entities. Recommendations Annual mammography screening is recommended for women at usual risk aged 40-74 years. Above 75 years, it should be reserved for those with a life expectancy greater than seven years. Women at higher than usual risk, including those with dense breasts, with a personal history of atypical lobular hyperplasia, classic lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, treatment for breast cancer or chest irradiation before age 30, or even, carriers of a genetic mutation or with a strong family history, benefit from complementary screening, and should be considered individually. Tomosynthesis is a form of mammography and should be considered in screening whenever accessible and available.

Resumo Objetivo Apresentar a atualização das recomendações do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia e da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia para o rastreamento do câncer de mama no Brasil. Métodos Foram pesquisadas evidências científicas publicadas nas bases de dados Medline EMBASE Biblioteca Cochrane EBSCO CINAHL e Lilacs entre janeiro de 2012 e julho de 2022. As recomendações foram baseadas nessas evidências por consenso do comitê de especialistas das três entidades. Recomendações A mamografia anual é recomendada para mulheres com risco habitual entre 40 e 74 anos. Acima de 75 anos deve ser reservado para aqueles com expectativa de vida superior a sete anos. Mulheres com risco maior do que o normal incluindo aquelas com mamas densas com história pessoal de hiperplasia lobular atípica carcinoma lobular in situ clássico hiperplasia ductal atípica tratamento para câncer de mama ou irradiação de tórax antes dos 30 anos ou ainda portadoras de doença genética mutação ou com forte histórico familiar beneficiam-se de triagem complementar e devem ser considerados individualmente. A tomossíntese é uma forma de mamografia e deve ser considerada na triagem sempre que acessível e disponível.

Diretriz brasileira para detecção precoce do câncer de mama: desafios para implantação / Brazilian breast cancer early detection guideline: challenges for implementation

Objetivo: Avaliar o acesso e a adesão da população feminina, atendida pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), à Diretriz Brasileira de Detecção Precoce do Câncer de Mama, em duas cidades de médio porte de uma região metropolitana do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informação do Câncer (Siscan) e nas Secretarias Municipais de Saúde no período de 01/01 a 31/12 de 2017. Resultados: Em Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, foram realizadas 3.106 mamografias: 2.931 (94,4%) BI-RADS® 1-2; 21 (0,7%) BI-RADS® 3; 12 (0,4%) BI-RADS® 4-5; 142 (4,5%) BI-RADS® 0. A maioria dos exames (1.855 ­ 59,7%) foi realizada em mulheres de 50 a 69 anos. A cobertura mamográfica na população de risco foi de 11,2%. O envelhecimento foi relacionado ao BI-RADS® 4-5 (p = 0,005). A idade jovem esteve relacionada ao maior número de BI-RADS® 0 (p = 0,03). Em Vinhedo, foram realizadas 1.996 mamografias: 1.835 (91,9%) BI-RADS® 1-2; 9 (0,45%) BI-RADS® 3; 7 (0,35%) BI-RADS® 4-5; 145 (7,3%) BI-RADS® 0. A maioria dos exames (975 ­ 48,8%) foi realizada em mulheres de 50-69 anos. A população coberta pela mamografia foi de 17%. Reunindo ambas as análises populacionais, evidenciou-se que o envelhecimento esteve relacionado ao maior número de casos suspeitos (p = 0,007). Conclusão: A maioria das mamografias foi realizada em mulheres de 50-69 anos. A cobertura mamográfica ficou aquém da encontrada no Brasil e recomendada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde.

Objective: To evaluate the access and adherence of the female population, assisted by Health Unic System (SUS), to Brazilian Breast Cancer Early Detection Guideline in two medium-sized cities of a metropolitan region in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the Cancer Information System (Siscan) and from the Municipal Health Secretariats between 01/01 to 12/31, 2017. Results: In Santa Bárbara d'Oeste 3,106 mammograms were performed: 2,931 (94.4%) BI-RADS® 1-2; 21 (0.7%) BI-RADS® 3; 12 (0.4%) BI-RADS® 4-5; 142 (4.5%) BI-RADS® 0. Most of the exams (1,855 ­ 59.7%) among women aged 50-69 years. The mammographic coverage at risk population was 11.2%. Aging was related to BI-RADS® 4-5 (p = 0.005). The young age was related to the highest number of BI-RADS® 0 (p = 0.03). In Vinhedo 1,996 mammograms were performed: 1,835 (91.9%) BI-RADS® 1-2; 9 (0.45%) BI-RADS® 3; 7 (0.35%) BI-RADS® 4-5; 145 (7.3%) BI-RADS® 0. Most of the exams (975 ­ 48.8%) among women aged 50-69 years. The population covered by mammography was 17%. Gathering both population analysis, it was shown that aging was related to the highest number of suspected cases (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Most mammograms were performed between 50-69 years. Mammographic coverage fell short of that found in Brazil and recommended by the World Health Organization.

Estudios mamográficos en un centro metropolitano de referencia en imágenes mamarias: Chile 2008-2018 ¿Vamos por el camino correcto? / Analysis of mammograms performed in a public imaging center in Santiago, Metropolitan Region Chile 2008-2018

BACKGROUND: Mammograms are one of the most effective preventive means for the early detection of breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: To describe the features of patients and results of mammograms performed at a public breast imaging service of the Santiago Metropolitan Area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the reports of mammograms performed on 174,017 women and 18 men, between 2008 and 2018 in an Imaging Center. The BI-RADS classification was used in the reports. RESULTS: Forty-six percent of mammograms (75,781) were reported as BI-RADS 2. The high proportion of BI-RADS 4 reports (674 reports) was seen in patients aged 40 to 49 years, corresponding to 30% of reports in this age range. Among patients aged 50 to 59 years, there were 779 BI-RADS 4 reports (35%). BI-RADS 5 reports were more common among patients aged 50 to 59 years (50 reports, 30%) and among patients aged 70 years or older (83 reports, 28%). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a significant number of women between 40 and 49 years of age with a BI-RADS 4 mammography result stands out; being an opportunity to develop new clinical research and public health strategies within the framework of the Universal Health Care policy for breast cancer in Chile.

Underestimation Rate in the Percutaneous Diagnosis of Radial Scar/Complex Sclerosing Lesion of the Breast: Systematic Review / Taxa de subestimação no diagnóstico percutâneo de cicatriz radiada/lesão esclerosante complexa da mama: Revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective To evaluate the underestimation rate in breast surgical biopsy after the diagnosis of radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion through percutaneous biopsy. Data Sources A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane, and Embase databases were consulted, with searches conducted through November 2020, using specific keywords (radial scar OR complex sclerosing lesion, breast cancer, anatomopathological percutaneous biopsy AND/OR surgical biopsy). Data collection Study selection was conducted by two researchers experienced in preparing systematic reviews. The eight selected articles were fully read, and a comparative analysis was performed. Study selection A total of 584 studies was extracted, 8 of which were selected. One of them included women who had undergone a percutaneous biopsy with a histological diagnosis of radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion and subsequently underwent surgical excision; the results were used to assess the underestimation rate of atypical and malignant lesions. Data synthesis The overall underestimation rate in the 8 studies ranged from 1.3 to 40% and the invasive lesion underestimation rate varied from 0 to 10.5%. Conclusion The histopathological diagnosis of a radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion on the breast is not definitive, and it may underestimate atypical andmalignant lesions, which require a different treatment, making surgical excision an important step in diagnostic evaluation.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o grau de discordância entre biópsia percutânea e cirúrgica da mama em pacientes com diagnóstico de cicatriz radiada/lesão esclerosante complexa (CR/LEC) por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Fontes dos dados Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática segundo as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, na sigla em inglês). As bases de dados primárias consultadas foram PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane e Embase, combuscas conduzidas até novembro de 2020, utilizando palavras chaves específicas (cicatriz radiada OU lesão esclerosante complexa, câncer de mama, anatomopatológico de biópsia percutânea E/OU biópsia cirúrgica). Seleção dos estudos A busca dos artigos resultou em um total de 584 estudos, sendo 8 selecionados, os quais incluíam mulheres submetidas a biópsia com diagnóstico histológico de CR/LEC e posteriormente submetidas a exérese cirúrgica para avaliar como desfecho o grau de subestimação de lesões atípicas e malignas. Coleta de dados A seleção dos estudos foi conduzida por dois pesquisadores, com experiência na elaboração de revisão sistemática. Os oito artigos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra e submetidos a uma análise comparativa. Síntese dos dados Cicatrizes radiadas/lesões esclerosante complexas foram associadas com lesões atípicas e malignas após a exérese cirúrgica. O grau de subestimação geral foi calculado pela porcentagem de lesões atípicas e malignas no anatomopatológico após a exérese cirúrgica dentre o total de CR/LEC diagnosticadas, enquanto o grau de subestimação de lesões invasoras foi calculado considerando-se apenas os carcinomas invasivos. O grau de subestimação geral dos estudos selecionados variou de 1,3 a 40%, e o de lesões invasoras de 0 a 10,5%. Conclusão O diagnóstico histopatológico de CR/LEC na mama não é definitivo, podendo subestimar lesões atípicas e malignas, cujo tratamento é distinto, tornando a exérese cirúrgica etapa fundamental na investigação diagnóstica.

Value of ultrasonic S-Detect technique in diagnosis of breast masses / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the value of ultrasound S-Detect in the diagnosis of breast masses.@*METHODS@#A total of 85 breast masses in 62 female patients were diagnosed by S-Detect technique and conventional ultrasound. The diagnostic efficacy of conventional ultrasound and S-Detect technique was analyzed and compared with postoperative pathological results as the gold standard.@*RESULTS@#When operated by junior physicians, the diagnostic efficacy of conventional ultrasound was significantly lower than that of S-Detect technique (P < 0.05), but this difference was not observed in moderately experienced and senior physicians (P>0.05). S-Detect technique was positively correlated with the diagnostic results of senior physicians (r=0.97). Using S-Detect technique, the diagnostic efficacy did not differ significantly between the long axis section and its vertical section (P>0.05). Routine ultrasound showed a better diagnostic efficacy than S-Detect for breast masses with a diameter below 20 mm (P < 0.05), but for larger breast masses, its diagnostic efficacy was significantly lower than that of SDetect (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#S-Detect can be used in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses, and its diagnostic efficiency can be comparable with that of BI-RADS classification for moderately experienced and senior physicians, but its diagnostic efficacy can be low for breast masses less than 20 mm in diameter.

Differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions using quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively collected data of preoperative conventional MRI and multi-dynamic multi-echo sequences from 95 patients with breast lesions showing mass-type enhancement on DCE-MRI, including 27 patients with benign lesions and 68 with malignant lesions. The MRI features of the lesions (shape, margin, internal enhancement pattern, time-signal intensity curve, and T2WI signal) were analyzed, and for each lesion, SyMRI-generated quantitative parameters including T1 and T2 relaxation time and proton density (PD) were measured before and after enhancement and recorded as T1p, T2p, PDp and T1e, T2e, and PDe, respectively. The relative change rate of each parameter was calculated. Logistic regression and all-subset regression analyses were performed for variable selection to construct diagnostic models of the breast lesions, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the performance of each model for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in the MRI features between benign and malignant lesions (P < 0.05). All the SyMRI-generated quantitative parameters, with the exception of T2e and Pdp, showed significant differences between benign and malignant lesions (P < 0.05). Among the constructed diagnostic models, the model based on all the DCE-MRI features combined with SyMRI parameters T2p and T1e (DCE-MRI+T2p+T1e) showed the best performance in the differential diagnosis malignant breast masses with an AUC of 0.995 (95% CI: 0.983-1.000).@*CONCLUSION@#Quantitative SyMRI can be used for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Application value of a new lesion positioning stickers in breast lesion surface localization / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Accurate breast lesion surface localization can guarantee accurate biopsy and local treatment. But there is no guideline to regular equipment and methods for the localization of breast lesions. The conventional non-invasive localization method is marker-based localization. The advantages of this method are simple and efficient. The disadvantages are that markers disappear easily under coupling agents; the positioning length of markers cannot last long on skin; and healthcare associated infection due to many patients using the same marker pen is potentially unavoidable. Breast lesion sticker (called sticker for short) is a new-type localization medical instrument in 2020. Our study aims to explore the clinical value of a new lesion stickers in breast lesion surface localization via comparison of the sticker and marker pen localization methods.@*METHODS@#This was a prospective cohort study. It was conducted in 67 patients who needed breast lesion surface localization before biopsy. The patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. One group of patients used marker pen to mark breast lesion surface location by ultrasonography. The other group of patients used stickers. Patients labeled with markers on skin were swabbed agents before marking. Then the markers were checked by ultrasound scan. If the surface positions of breast lesion were not correct, the above procedure was repeated. In the sticker group, the stickers were released synchronously after the lesions were detected by ultrasound scan. Then locations were checked via scanning hole. If the surface positions of breast lesion were not correct, the above procedure was repeated. The accuracy of positioning, the length of positioning time and satisfaction of patients between the 2 groups were compared. The length of positioning time was calculated from the time when ultrasound detected the lesion to the time when the surface position of breast lesion was confirmed. The total score of patients' satisfaction was 5 points according to Service Quality Evaluation of SERVQUAL Scale, including sonographers' service attitude and their technical proficiency, other medical staffs' service attitude and their technical proficiency, hospital service procedures, positioning comfort, and positioning effects.@*RESULTS@#All 67 patients were females, aged 18-66 (39.73±13.10). There were 35 patients in the marker pen group and 32 patients in the sticker group. The time length of group used marker pen to localization was 22-88 (52.20±2.90) s, and the sticker group was 3-15 (9.22±0.58) s in length. The length of positioning time for the stickers was significantly shorter than that of the marker (P<0.01). Both methods were accurate in the surface localization of lesions before operation. The total scores of patients' satisfaction was 4-5 (4.92±0.02) in the stickers group, and 1-5 (3.35±0.10) in the marker pen group. The patients' satisfaction scores with the sticker were significantly higher than those with the marker pen (P<0.01). The length of positioning time and patients' satisfication scores for sonographer with 20 years' working experience were shorter and higher than those of sonographer with 10 years' working experience, respectively (both P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The new breast lesion positioning stickers have more advantages than the marker pen in localization efficiency. It could reduce the workload of medical workers and increase patients' satisfaction to some extent. The stickers can be used not only in the breast lesions surface localization, but also in the skin location of pleural effusion and ascites, the skin location of surface masses, the skin location of thyroid nodule, and many other clinical marker areas, to further expand the scope of clinical application and value of the stickers.

Influencia de la incorporación de la tomosíntesis en un centro de diagnóstico mamario / The impact of integrating breast tomosynthesis in a Breast Diagnostic Center / Influência da incorporação da tomossíntese em um centro diagnóstico de mama

Resumen: Introducción: se han producido múltiples avances tecnológicos en la historia de la mamografía. En los años más recientes surge la mamografía digital directa con tomosíntesis con mayores capacidades para detectar el cáncer. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la nueva tecnología en el desempeño de la mamografía, en la Unidad de Diagnóstico Mamario del Hospital Británico. Material y métodos: se compara el desempeño de la mamografía durante los años 2019-2020 en relación con los años 2010-2018. En el año 2019 se sustituyó la tecnología anterior por un mamógrafo digital directo con tomosíntesis, Hologic modelo Selenia Dimensions. Resultados: en los años 2019 a 2020 se realizaron 10.725 mamografías. Se detectaron 84 cánceres y la tasa de detección de cáncer fue de 8/1.000. El VPP fue de 35%. En los años 2010 a 2018 se realizaron 45.438 mamografías. Se detectaron 229 cánceres y la tasa de detección de cáncer fue de 5/1.000. EL VPP fue de 40%. En relación a las manifestaciones imagenológicas, se destaca el aumento de las microcalcificaciones en el período 2019-2020, que pasaron de ser 7% de los casos, a ser 19% de los casos. Las distorsiones aumentaron de 11% a 13%. En relación a los tipos histológicos de cáncer, se destaca el porcentaje del carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) que fue 4 veces superior en el período 2019-2020 en relación al anterior (17% de todos los casos detectados). Conclusiones: con la incorporación de la tomosíntesis aumentó 60% la tasa de detección de cáncer y el porcentaje de CDIS aumentó 4 veces.

Abstract: Introduction: significant technological progress has been made in the history of mammography. Recently, direct digital mammography plus tomosynthesis arrived and improved breast cancer screening. Objective: to evaluate the effects of new technology in the performance of mammography, at the Breast Diagnostic Service of the British Hospital. Method: mammography performance during 2019- 2020 was compared to that between 2010 and 2018. In 2019 the previous tehcnology was substituted by a direct digital mammogram with tomosynthesis, Hologic, Selenia Dimensions model. Results: 10.725 mammographies were done in 2019-2020. Cancer was detected in 84 cases and the cancer detection rate was 8 per 1000 persons. PPV was 35%. 45.438 mammographies were done in 2010-2018. Cancer was detected in 229 cases and the cancer detection rate was 5 per 1.000 persons. PPV was 40%. As to images, it is worth pointing out an increase in microcalcifications between 2019 and 2020, when they grew from 7% of cases to 19% of cases and distortions increased from 11% to 13%. DCIS was 4 times greater in 2019-2020 when compare to the previous period of time (17% of all detected cases). Conclusions: the integration of tomosynthesis increased 60% the cancer detection rate and the DCIS was 4 times greater.

Resumo: Introdução: a história da mamografia registra vários avanços tecnológicos. Nos anos mais recentes, a mamografia digital direta com tomossíntese surgiu com uma maior capacidade de detectar a presença de câncer. Em 2019 a Unidade de Diagnóstico de Mama (UDM) do Hospital Britânico no Uruguai, incorporou um mamógrafo digital direto com tomossíntese, Hologic modelo Selenia Dimensions. Objetivo: avaliar desempenho do mamógrafo digital direto com tomossíntese na UDM. Material e métodos: faz-se uma comparação dos resultados das mamografias durante dois períodos 2019-2020 e 2010-2018. Resultados: no período 2019 a 2020 foram realizadas 10.725 mamografias; 84 cânceres foram detectados com una taxa de detecção de 8/1000. O valor preditivo positivo (VPP) foi de 35%. No período 2010-2018, foram realizadas 45.438 mamografias, 229 cânceres foram detectados com una taxa de detecção de 5/1000. O VPP foi de 40%. Em relação às manifestações de imagem, destaca-se o aumento das microcalcificações no período 2019-2020, que passou de 7% para 19% dos casos. As distorções aumentaram de 11% para 13%. Em relação aos tipos histológicos de câncer, destaca-se a porcentagem de carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS), que foi quatro vezes maior no período 2019-2020 do que no anterior (17% do total de casos detectados). Conclusões: com a incorporação da tomossíntese, a taxa de detecção de câncer aumentou 60% e a porcentagem de CDIS aumentou quatro vezes.

Automated breast volume scanning combined with shear wave elastography for diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To explore the values of automated breast volume scanning (ABVS) combined with shear wave elastography (SWE) in the differential diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancers (HER2+BC). METHODS In this study, 28 patients with TNBC and 32 patients with HER2+BC were enrolled. The characteristics of ABVS and virtual touch quantification (VTQ) in SWE of all patients were reviewed. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out and the receiver operating characteristic curves of ABVS and ABVS+VTQ were drawn. RESULTS In ABVS imaging, the microcalcification, posterior echo, internal echo, shape, and edge had significant difference between TNBC and HER2+BC groups (p<0.05). The regular shape was the independent factor for TNBC (p=0.04, odds ratio [OR]=4.479), and the microcalcification in mass was the independent factor for HER2+BC (p=0.01, OR=2.997). In VTQ imaging, the shear wave velocity (SWV)max, SWVmin, and SWVmean in TNBC group were significantly lower than those in HER2+BC group (p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ABVS+VTQ in diagnosing TNBC were higher than those of ABVS alone. CONCLUSIONS ABVS combined with SWE has certain advantages in differentiating TNBC from HER2+BC, which is helpful for the treatment planning and prognosis judgment.

Tendencia espacio-temporal de clasificación BIRADS sugestiva de malignidad: un análisis nacional de mastografías, 2013-2017 / Spatio-temporal trend of BIRADS classification suggestive of malignancy: a national analysis of mammograms, 2013-2017

Resumen Introducción: Promover la detección de cáncer de mama (CaMa) en mujeres mediante mastografía es una estrategia viable para disminuir los diagnósticos en fases clínicamente avanzadas y la mortalidad. Objetivos: Describir los resultados reportados por estudios de mastografía en mujeres realizados a nivel nacional durante 2013-2017 y analizar la tendencia espaciotemporal de categorías BIRADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) sugestivas de malignidad por Estado. Método: Diseño analítico longitudinal que incluyó información sobre estudios de mastografía de mujeres según grupo de edad (< 40 e ≥ 40), valoradas en unidades de la Secretaría de Salud, México, durante 2013-2017. Se estimó la frecuencia de categorías según BIRADS, tasa estandarizada sugestiva de malignidad (categorías 4 y 5) en mujeres ≥ 40 años y se utilizó estadística espacial para analizar la tendencia por Estado. Resultados: Se analizaron 3,659,151 mastografías, el 98.5 % en mujeres ≥ 40 años. La tasa sugestiva de malignidad disminuyó de 38.3 (2013) a 31 (2017) por 100 mil mujeres ≥ 40 años; sin embargo, el riesgo de detección aumentó hasta 13 veces en diez Estados. Conclusiones: Aunque el riesgo de detección en categorías sugestivas de malignidad disminuyó a nivel nacional, algunos Estados requieren reforzar la aplicación de programas de detección del CaMa mediante mastografía e incrementar la participación de la población blanco.

Abstract Introduction: Promoting breast cancer (BC) detection in women by means of mammography is a viable strategy to reduce the number of diagnoses at clinically advanced stages and mortality. Objectives: To describe the results reported by mammography studies in women, carried out nationally during 2013-2017, and to analyze the spatiotemporal trend of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) categories suggestive of malignancy by State. Method: Longitudinal, analytical design that included information on mammography studies of women according to age group (< 40 and ≥ 40), evaluated in units of the Ministry of Health of Mexico during 2013-2017. The frequency of BIRADS categories and a standardized rate suggestive of malignancy (categories 4 and 5) were estimated in women aged ≥ 40 years, and spatial statistics were used to analyze the trend by State. Results: A total of 3,659,151 mammograms were analyzed, 98.5 % in women aged ≥ 40 years. The malignancy-suggestive rate decreased from 38.3 (2013) to 31 (2017) per 100,000 women aged ≥ 40 years; however, the risk of detection increased up to 13 times in ten States. Conclusions: Although the risk of detection in categories suggestive of malignancy decreased at the national level, some States need to reinforce the application of BC detection programs through mammography and increase the participation of the target population.